noise_control.duct_path

End-to-end duct-borne noise calculation: fan to room, element by element.

The classic consulting workflow of HVAC acoustics is a bookkeeping exercise. Start from the sound power the fan puts into the duct, walk down the path, and at every element subtract what it attenuates and add back what its own airflow regenerates. What arrives at the terminal device is converted into a sound pressure level by the room effect, the supply and return paths are combined, and the result is compared with the room criterion. If it fails, the sheet itself says which element to change.

This module implements that cascade as a result object. It follows the worked sheet of Long, Architectural Acoustics 2nd ed., Table 14.9 (a 5000 cfm forward-curved fan feeding a room through a supply and a return path, checked against NC 30) and the same row structure as the industry procedure of AHRI Standard 885, Procedure for Estimating Occupied Space Sound Levels in the Application of Air Terminals and Air Outlets, Table 8: one row per physical element, octave bands across the columns, regenerated noise as its own row combined logarithmically rather than subtracted, and a cumulative received-level row at the foot.

Three arithmetic conventions matter and are worth stating once:

• Attenuations are positive. Every element model in phonometry.noise_control.hvac returns a loss as a positive number of decibels, and the cascade subtracts it. Published worksheets print the same quantity as a negative level change; DuctPathResult.table follows the worksheet sign so the printed sheet reads like the reference.
• Regenerated noise adds on a power basis. The self-noise of an element is a sound power level in its own right and is combined with the level arriving at that point as $10{\log }_{10}(10^{L/10}+10^{L_{sn}/10})$.
• There is a self-noise floor. Long’s worked sheet uses a 0 dB self-noise sound power level as the default and whenever a calculated level would be negative, which is why his received spectrum bottoms out near 0 dB rather than running to minus infinity. self_noise_floor reproduces that and can be switched off with None.

The elements themselves come from phonometry.noise_control.hvac (fan sound power, straight lined and unlined ducts, elbows, flexible duct, branch splits, end reflection, silencer self-noise, plenums and the room effect) and from manufacturer data, which is what a real calculation uses for silencers and air terminal devices. phonometry.noise_control.duct_modes supplies the cut-on frequency above which the plane-wave elements stop being valid, and the cascade raises a PlaneWaveWarning when a duct section is declared and the analysis runs past it.

Auto-generated from the source docstrings by scripts/generate_api_docs.py (make api-docs). Do not edit by hand.

combine_duct_paths

combine_duct_paths(
    paths: list[DuctPathResult] | tuple[DuctPathResult, ...],
    *,
    criterion: str | None = None,
    target: float | None = None,
    label: str = 'Combined paths',
) -> DuctPathResult

Combine the received spectra of several duct paths into one result.

A room is usually fed by more than one path (Long’s worked sheet combines a supply and a return path before comparing with NC 30). The received levels add on a power basis, and the combination is rated against the same design criterion.

Parameters

Name	Description
paths	Two or more DuctPathResult objects sharing the same analysis bands.
criterion	Room-criterion family; None (default) takes it from the first path.
target	Design criterion value; None (default) takes it from the first path that declares one.
label	A short human label of the combination.

Returns: A DuctPathResult whose contributions hold the per-path received spectra and whose stages are empty.

Raises

Exception	When
ValueError	If fewer than one path is given or the bands differ.

duct_path

duct_path(
    frequencies: ArrayLike,
    source_level: ArrayLike,
    elements: list[DuctElement] | tuple[DuctElement, ...],
    *,
    room_effect: ArrayLike | None = None,
    source_label: str = 'Fan',
    criterion: str = 'NC',
    target: float | None = None,
    self_noise_floor: float | None = 0.0,
    section: dict[str, float] | None = None,
    flow_velocity: float = 0.0,
    speed_of_sound: float = 343.0,
    label: str = 'Duct path',
) -> DuctPathResult

Cascade a duct path from the source sound power to the received level.

Walks the elements in order, subtracting each attenuation and combining each regenerated sound power level on a power basis, then applies the room effect and rates the result against the design criterion. This is the calculation of Long Table 14.9 and of AHRI 885 Table 8.

Parameters

Name	Description
frequencies	Octave-band centre frequencies, Hz (1-D array). The published sheets use 63 Hz to 8 kHz.
source_level	Sound power level entering the path, dB re 1 pW; e.g. from phonometry.noise_control.hvac.fan_sound_power.
elements	The path elements in order, as DuctElement entries. Their attenuation and self_noise accept a scalar, a per-band array or an HvacSpectrumResult.
room_effect	The room effect as a positive attenuation, dB (from phonometry.noise_control.hvac.room_effect). None leaves the received spectrum as a sound power level at the terminal device.
source_label	Description of the source for the printed sheet.
criterion	Room-criterion family, "NC" (default) or "RC".
target	The design criterion value (e.g. 30), or None.
self_noise_floor	Default regenerated sound power level, dB re 1 pW, applied where an element declares none and as a floor under every element’s self-noise. Long’s worked sheet uses 0 dB; pass None to disable the floor entirely.
section	Optional duct cross section for the plane-wave validity check, as {"diameter": d}, {"width": a, "height": b} or {"area": s}, in metres. When given, a PlaneWaveWarning is raised for analysis frequencies above the first cut-on.
flow_velocity	Mean axial flow speed in that section, m/s, used for the cut-on Mach correction.
speed_of_sound	Speed of sound, m/s, for the same check.
label	A short human label of the path.

Returns: A DuctPathResult.

Raises

Exception	When
ValueError	If the spectra do not share one value per band or the criterion family is unknown.
TypeError	If an entry of elements is not a DuctElement.

DuctElement

DuctElement(
    label: str,
    attenuation: Any = None,
    self_noise: Any = None,
    code: str = '',
)

One element of a duct path: what it attenuates and what it regenerates.

Attributes

Name	Description
label	Human description of the element, e.g. "Silencer, 3 ft, standard pressure drop".
attenuation	Octave-band attenuation as a positive loss, dB. A scalar is broadcast over the bands; an HvacSpectrumResult (or anything exposing values) is accepted directly. None means no attenuation.
self_noise	Octave-band regenerated sound power level of the element, dB re 1 pW, or None when the element regenerates nothing (the cascade then applies its self-noise floor).
code	A short worksheet code for the printed sheet (AHRI 885 style, e.g. "D1", "S"); defaults to the row number.

DuctPathResult

DuctPathResult(
    frequencies: np.ndarray,
    source_level: np.ndarray,
    source_label: str,
    stages: tuple[DuctPathStage, ...],
    room_effect: np.ndarray | None,
    received_level: np.ndarray,
    criterion: str,
    target: float | None,
    label: str,
    contributions: tuple[tuple[str, np.ndarray], ...] = ...,
)

The end-to-end duct-borne noise calculation of one path (or of a sum).

Built by duct_path for a single fan-to-room path, and by combine_duct_paths for the logarithmic sum of several such paths (whose stages are empty and whose contributions carry one entry per path).

Attributes

Name	Description
frequencies	Octave-band centre frequencies, Hz.
source_level	Sound power level entering the path, dB re 1 pW.
source_label	Description of the source, e.g. the fan.
stages	One DuctPathStage per element, in path order.
room_effect	The room effect applied after the last element, as a positive attenuation in dB, or None when the path was not taken into a room (received_level is then still a sound power level).
received_level	The spectrum at the receiver: a sound pressure level in dB when room_effect was applied, otherwise the sound power level leaving the last element.
criterion	"NC" or "RC", the room-criterion family used.
target	The design criterion value (e.g. 30 for NC 30), or None when no target was declared.
contributions	(label, received_level) per contributing path for a combination; empty for a single path.
label	A short human label of the path.

DuctPathResult.criterion_curve

property

The design criterion curve at frequencies, dB, or None.

The NC or RC curve of target, sampled at the analysis bands, so it can be compared band by band with received_level.

DuctPathResult.exceedance

property

Band-by-band excess of the received level over the criterion, dB.

Positive where the design criterion is exceeded. None when no target was declared.

DuctPathResult.meets_target

property

True when no band exceeds the design criterion curve.

None when no target was declared. This is the band-by-band test a design sheet applies, not the NC rating of rating, which the standard derives by its own two-step procedure.

DuctPathResult.plot()

DuctPathResult.plot(
    ax: Axes | None = None,
    *,
    language: str = 'en',
    **kwargs: Any,
) -> Axes

Plot the spectrum cascading down the path against the criterion curve.

One line per element shows where the spectrum stands after that element, from the source at the top to the received level at the bottom, with the design criterion curve overlaid. Requires matplotlib (pip install phonometry[plot]).

Parameters

Name	Description
ax	Existing axes, or None to create a figure.
language	Label language, "en" (default) or "es".
kwargs	Forwarded to the received-level Axes.plot.

Returns: The axes.

DuctPathResult.rating

property

The room-criterion rating of received_level.

An NCResult when criterion is "NC", otherwise an RCResult (ANSI/ASA S12.2-2019).

DuctPathResult.report()

DuctPathResult.report(
    path: str,
    *,
    metadata: ReportMetadata | None = None,
    engine: str = 'reportlab',
    verbose: bool = False,
    language: str = 'en',
) -> str

Render the duct-borne noise calculation sheet to a PDF at path.

Writes a one-page duct-path sheet in the layout of the published procedures (AHRI Standard 885 Table 8; Long Table 14.9): the method-basis line, an optional metadata header (client, system, room, instrumentation, climate, date), the element table with the octave bands across the columns and one row per element (attenuations printed with the worksheet’s negative sign, regenerated noise shaded as its own row, the running level after each element and the room effect and received spectrum at the foot), the cascade chart against the criterion curve, the boxed room-criterion rating, the verdict against the design criterion, and a method-basis strip.

Parameters

Name	Description
path	Destination path of the PDF file.
metadata	Optional ReportMetadata supplying the header (client, specimen the air system, test_room the served room, instrumentation, temperature, relative_humidity, pressure, test_date) and the footer identity. The design criterion comes from the result’s own target; a requirement in the metadata overrides it.
engine	Rendering back end; only "reportlab" is supported.
verbose	When True the table adds the running level after every element; when False only the source, the element attenuations, the regenerated-noise rows and the received spectrum are printed, which keeps a long path on one page.
language	Fiche language: "en" (default) or "es".

Returns: The written path as a str.

Raises

Exception	When
ValueError	If engine is not "reportlab" or language is unknown.
ImportError	If reportlab (or, for the figure, matplotlib) is not installed (pip install phonometry[report]).

DuctPathResult.table()

DuctPathResult.table() -> list[dict[str, Any]]

The per-element sheet, one entry per printed row.

The rows follow the layout of a published duct-borne calculation sheet (Long Table 14.9; AHRI 885 Table 8): the source, then for each element its attenuation, the Sum after subtracting it, its regenerated noise and the Combined level, then the room effect and the received spectrum. Each entry has code, label, kind (one of "source", "attenuation", "sum", "self_noise", "level", "contribution", "room_effect", "received", "criterion") and values (a per-band array). An attenuation row carries the worksheet sign, i.e. the negative of the positive loss the models return; a "contribution" row is the received spectrum of one path of a combination.

Returns: The list of row dictionaries, in printing order.

DuctPathStage

DuctPathStage(
    label: str,
    code: str,
    attenuation: np.ndarray,
    attenuated: np.ndarray,
    self_noise: np.ndarray,
    level: np.ndarray,
)

The computed rows of one element of a duct path.

The four spectra are exactly the four printed rows of a duct-borne calculation sheet: what the element takes out, what the level becomes, what the element puts back and where the path stands afterwards.

Attributes

Name	Description
label	Human description of the element.
code	The worksheet code of the row.
attenuation	Attenuation of the element as a positive loss, dB.
attenuated	Level after subtracting the attenuation (the Sum row), dB.
self_noise	Regenerated sound power level of the element, dB re 1 pW, after the self-noise floor has been applied.
level	Level leaving the element, the energy sum of attenuated and self_noise (the Combined row), dB.