Source: https://jmrplens.github.io/phonometry/fluids/ # The medium Every other area of this library measures something that happened *in* a medium. This one is the medium. A density and a speed of sound stand behind every sound power level, every absorption coefficient, every transmission loss and every propagation calculation in the tree, and for most of the library's life they arrived the same way: as a number somebody typed once. That is what this area exists to stop. `phonometry.fluids` computes the state of the fluid from the conditions that were actually measured, keeps the conditions beside the result, and says which model produced it. ## Why it is not a domain Nineteen of the twenty packages are domains of application: you go to `building` because you are measuring a building, to `underwater` because you are working in water. You never go to `fluids` because you are measuring a fluid. You go there because whatever else you are measuring happens in one. So it sits with `filters`, `signals` and `metrology` in the transverse toolbox: any package may import it without an architecture edge, because a medium is not a subject some domains have and others do not. It is the fourth member of that set, and the first added since the library split the original toolbox in three. ## Three kinds of number, deliberately kept apart The reason a library ends up with a dozen different values for the density of air is that three different things wear the same clothes. **The physics of the fluid** is what lives here. It answers "what is this air, at these conditions", and better physics is an improvement: when the model gets more accurate, every caller who asked for air should get the more accurate answer. **A standard's own simplified formula** is not that. When ISO 10534-2 prints $c_0 = 343{,}2\sqrt{T/293}$, that expression is part of the procedure, and a measurement that claims to follow the standard has to use it. Those stay in the module that implements their clause, with the citation beside them, and they never move here. **A constant frozen by a conformance row** is a third thing again. The Johnson-Champoux-Allard model carries a Prandtl number of 0,71 as a published constant of the model. The air at the reference state has 0,728. Substituting the physical value into the model would not correct an error, it would change the model, and it moves the impedance it computes by 1,5 parts in a thousand. That constant stays frozen where it was published. Keeping the three apart is what lets better physics reach a caller without a single measurement silently ceasing to reproduce the standard it cites. **No solids.** A `Fluid` carries no shear speed, and the elastic materials of the wave solvers keep their own type with its own precondition. The two are different quantities that happen to share the word "medium", and a solid's properties are tabulated where a fluid's are computed. **No fields, only states.** A `Fluid` is one fluid at one point. The stratified profiles that ray tracers march through stay in the packages that own their marchers, in the ocean and in the atmosphere, because a profile is a description of a place rather than of a substance. **No frequency dependence.** The speed of sound here is the zero-frequency one. Molecular relaxation makes sound speed depend on frequency, and the model that describes it lives with the atmospheric absorption that needs it, in `phonometry.environment`. ## What is here - [Humid air](https://jmrplens.github.io/phonometry/humid-air/): the CIPM-2007 formulation of IEC 61094-2:2009 Annex F, what it fixes and what it does not, how much each condition is worth, and why the library asks for the temperature but assumes the pressure out loud.